As the waves warm up and marinas buzz back to life, it’s time for a quick refresher on boating right-of-way rules. Whether you’re cruising, fishing, or just floating with a cooler full of cold drinks, knowing these basic navigation principles keeps everyone safe—and avoids awkward shouting matches at sea.
The Golden Rule of the Water: Avoid Collision at All Costs
Even if you technically have the right of way, you are still obligated to take action to avoid a collision. Think of the rules as guidelines to predict what the other captain should do—but stay sharp and be ready to act.
Basic Terms
- Stand-on vessel: The boat with the right of way.
- Give-way vessel: The boat that must yield or alter course.
Head-On Encounter
When two powerboats are approaching head-on:
Both vessels should alter course to starboard (right).
Crossing Situation (Same Type of Vessel)
If two power-driven vessels are on crossing paths:
- The boat on your starboard (right) side has the right of way.
- You are the give-way vessel if the other boat is on your right.
Sailboats vs. Powerboats
- Sailboats under sail (not using motor) generally have the right of way over powerboats.
- Exception: If the sailboat is overtaking or restricted in maneuverability, it must give way.
Overtaking: Always Give Way
If you’re overtaking another vessel from any direction, you are the give-way vessel.
- Maintain a wide berth.
- Never assume they see you.
Special Vessels Have Special Rights
These boats always have right of way over recreational vessels:
- Vessels restricted in ability to maneuver (e.g. dredgers)
- Vessels not under command (e.g. engine failure)
- Commercial traffic in shipping channels
- Boats engaged in fishing with gear that restricts maneuverability (not just weekend trolling)
Navigation Aids & Channel Rules
- Keep red buoys on your starboard side when returning from sea (“Red Right Returning”).
- Stay clear of narrow channels unless transiting them.
- Don’t anchor in a channel.
Pro Tips for a Smooth Weekend
- Keep a sharp lookout—use both eyes and ears.
- Monitor VHF channel 16 for emergency traffic.
- Slow down in congested areas, especially around marinas and launches.
- Watch your wake—it can swamp a canoe or damage another boat.
Summary Cheat Sheet
| Situation | Who Gives Way? |
|---|---|
| Head-on | Both boats turn right |
| Crossing (your right) | You give way |
| Overtaking | You give way |
| Sailboat vs. Powerboat | Powerboat gives way |
| To vessel not under command | You give way |
Final Thoughts
Boating isn’t bumper cars. A little courtesy and a solid grasp of these rules can keep your weekend on the water safe, legal, and fun. When in doubt, slow down, steer clear, and wave with your whole hand.
Stay safe out there, Captain!
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